Long before Europe opened his eyes to find a new world, natives of the archipelago residents live in peace. This situation changed drastically when the Europeans began arriving on the pretext of trade, but it also brings full combat troops with armor. Ironically, a character that moves the wheels of world history into the pools of blood were two different popes. First, Pope Urban II, who waged crusade to capture Jerusalem in the Council of Clermont in 1096. And second, Pope Alexander VI.
Crusade unwittingly opened the eyes of the Europeans about the civilization that is far superior than them. Europe experienced enlightenment due to overlap with those of Islam in this Crusade. Is a fact if long before Europeans dared navigate the ocean, the Arab nation has been recognized worldwide as a nation of merchants who used to navigate the brave ocean to the archipelago.
Even camphor which is one of the main substances in the ritual of embalming the pharaohs in Egypt in the centuries before Christ, was imported from a small village called Barus, who was in the middle of the west coast of Sumatra. From this meeting of European civilization to know if there is one area south of the globe on a very rich with natural resources, which do not exist anywhere in the world.
The country was filled with rubber, pepper and other spices, other than that of Europe as well kiss the gold and jewels stored in the stomach. The land is very friendly climate, and landscape is very beautiful. This region we now know the name of the archipelago. Hearing all this wealth of Europe is very eager to find all the things that has not ever gotten.
Pope Alexander VI in 1494 to give the official mandate of the Catholic church to the Kingdom of Portugal and Spain through the Treaty of Tordesillas. Given this agreement, Pope Alexander with arbitrarily divide the world outside of mainland Europe into two lots to the annexation. Tordesilas demarcation line in the agreement that followed the circle of latitude of the Cape Verde Islands, beyond the two poles of the earth. This gives the New World is now called the Americas to Spain. Africa and India handed over to Portuguese.
Pope's demarcation line shifts eastward as far as 1170 kilometers from the Cape Verde Islands. Brazil also fell into the hands of the Portuguese. Line robbery Europeans eastward far into the archipelago was divided in two. Spanish and Portuguese sailed to the West to the East, the two finally met in the Moluccas, the Banda Sea. Previously, if two competing center of power that reproduce exactly the treasure booty met in one spot then they will fight, but when meeting in the Moluccas, the Portuguese and Sanyol try to refrain.
On 5 September 1494, Spain and Portugal made agreements Saragossa which sets anti-meridian lines or line connections in a half circle that went on line 1170 miles from Cape Verde. That line was in the east of the Moluccas, in the vicinity of Guam.
Since then, Portugal and Spain managed to bring a lot of spice from the voyage. All of Europe to hear this and start the race to also send a fleet into new territory in the south.
When the Europeans sent a naval expedition to discover new worlds, understanding between trade, warfare, and the spread of Christianity there was hardly any difference. Mission of European imperialism and until now we are familiar with the title "Three G": Gold, Glory, Gospel. All the rulers, kings, merchants, existing in southern Europe which discusses the country is very wealthy.
They are competing to reach the archipelago from various channels. Unfortunately, there was as yet there is a map of the sea journey that is intact and includes a detailed route from Europe to the region called Europe as the East Indies. Map of European nations has just reached the Indian mainland, while the area on the east side was still dark.
Compared to Spain, Portuguese is superior in many respects. Portuguese sailors who are runaway leaders Templar (and founded the Knights of Christ), with strict secrecy seeks their latest maps which contain the sea routes to Southeast Asia.
The maps when it is the object of the most hunted by many kings and merchants of Europe. But like the saying goes, "clever-clever squirrels jump, eventually falling too", so is with the map held secret Portuguese sailors.
A number of Dutch people who have worked long at the Portuguese sailors know this. One of them named Jan Huygen van Linschoten. In 1595 he published a book called Itinerano naer Oost ofte Portugaels Indien, Travel guide to the East or the Portuguese Indies, which includes a variety of maps and very detailed description of the cruise lines that carried the Portuguese to the East Indies, complete with all the problems.
The book is best seller in Europe, but of course this is not like the Portuguese. This nation's grudge against the Dutch people. Thanks to this van Linschoten, Netherlands finally learned the many problems faced by the Portuguese in the new territory and also the secrets of ships and shipping lines.
The businessman and the Dutch authorities to build and improve maritime fleet ships immediately, so that they could also plunder the world's wealthy south, and is not inferior to other European kingdoms.
In 1595 the Dutch sent a first expedition to the archipelago called the East Indies. This expedition consisted of four vessels with 249 crew led by Cornelis de Houtman, a Dutch who have long worked on the Portuguese in Lisbon. Approximately one year later, in June 1596, de Houtman landed at the port of Banten, which is the main port of trade in pepper in Java, then north along the coast, stop in Sedayu, Madura, and others. Leadership de Houtman was very bad.
He applies arrogant and arbitrary besikap on indigenous people and also against fellow European traders. A number of conflicts caused him to lose a lot of boats and crew, so when it landed in the Netherlands in 1597, he left only three ships and 89 crew. However, these three ships full of spices and other precious objects.
Dutch people think, if a de Houtman who is not qualified to lead it could earn that much, especially when led by men and a fleet that is far superior. Return of de Houtman team raises a burning passion in many Dutch merchants to follow in his footsteps. Houtman trail followed by dozens or even hundreds of Dutch merchants who had sent their fleet to the East Indies.
Within a few years, the Dutch had colonized the East Indies and it lasts a long time until the newly independent in 1945.
Sumber: http://jodysmoove.blogspot.com/2009/08/penyebab-indonesia-di-jajah-belanda.html
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